CrossMark Policy
CrossMark, a multi-publisher initiative from CrossRef, provides a standardized way for readers to find the authoritative version of a document. The publisher, Ali Institute of Research and Publication, acknowledges the importance of integrity and the completeness of scientific archives for researchers and librarians and prioritizes maintaining trust in the authority of its electronic archives. Clicking the CrossMark icon will inform readers about the current status of the document and may also provide additional publication notes related to that document.
Updates to an Article
Updates to an article can take several forms, and all updates are communicated as notices in the publication rather than directly altering the "original" article. These changes include:
Erratum (Correction, Addendum):
An erratum is a change made at the publisher's initiative, either in the form of a correction or an addendum.
Corrigendum (Clarification):
A corrigendum is a change to a published article initiated by the author.
Expression of Concern:
This change occurs because the article is suspected of academic misconduct and is still under investigation. Correspondence with the author has already occurred.
Retraction:
A retraction is a statement that the article, once published, is withdrawn. Retraction occurs because: a) the article is found to be seriously flawed (e.g., in terms of findings or conclusions) or proven to have engaged in plagiarism, or b) it has been submitted more than once or has multiple publications (multiple submissions/redundancy). The primary purpose of retraction is to correct the literature and ensure its integrity, rather than punish the author for the mistake. A retracted article "does not have to be removed" from the print journal copy (including in libraries) or from electronic archives, but the status of "retracted article" must be clearly stated.
Removal:
Removal is the deletion of an article due to: a) legal issues, making the article subject to litigation, or b) the article causing serious health issues.
Withdrawal:
Withdrawal is the removal of a manuscript before publication due to known academic flaws.
